BIOSCIENCE GLOSSARY (D)

BIOSCIENCE GLOSSARY (D) 

Demography
The pace of population increase and age structure, as well as the processes that govern these characteristics.
Diabetes
Any of several metabolic illnesses that alter the body's usage of blood sugars to regulate fluid intake and excretion.
Tests for diagnosis
Testing to confirm or rule out a known or suspected genetic problem in a symptomatic individual, or to rule out a genetic condition in a fetus at risk.
The dietary intake 

phrase refers to a set of values that define the dosages that should be used.

Diet supplement 

In the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, Congress defined a nutritional augment as a product taken by mouth that contains a dietary element designed to supplement the diet. Vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, or dietary substances may be included in the dietary ingredients to supplement the diet and increase overall dietary intake. Concentrates, metabolites, components, and extracts are all examples of dietary supplements. Tablets, capsules, soft gels, gel caps, liquids, and powders may all contain them. They can also take different shapes, such as a bar; in this instance, the information on the label must not portray the product as a traditional food or as the sole component of a meal or diet.

Differentiation

The transformation of an unspecialized early embryonic cell into a specialized cell like a heart, liver, or muscle cell.

Diode

The anode and cathode are two electrodes on a specialized electrical component.

Diphtheria

A bacterial infection that causes the creation of a fake membrane, often in the neck, can lead to death.

Dip pen nanolithography is a soft lithography technique that uses capillary transport to deliver collections of molecules from an AFM tip to a surface to create nanostructures on a substrate of interest.

a filthy bomb

The use of ordinary explosives to disperse radioactive materials throughout a defined area. A dirty bomb, also known as a radiation attack, is a non-nuclear explosion that results in localized radioactive contamination.

Disease

Typical patient concerns and physical abnormalities are commonly associated with illness or disease.

Individuals that are immune to disease

Those who aren't sick but have a lot of risk factors have a lot of them.

Disease monitoring

The systematic collecting and analysis of data, as well as the dissemination of information, leads to the prevention and control of a disease, usually one of an infectious origin.

Disintegration

The reduction in potency of a dietary supplement is a result of time and storage conditions while in storage (light, heat, moisture, and air) Stable supplements have a low rate of disintegration, which allows for a longer expiration date, whereas others lose efficacy quickly.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that encodes genetic information and is found in all organisms and many viruses. DNA is a double-stranded molecule that is bound together by weak nucleotide base pairs. The bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) are found in DNA's four nucleotides (T). Base pairs exist solely between A and T and G and C in nature, therefore the base sequence of every single strand may be derived from the base sequence of the other.

 DNA Chip with

A microchip is designed specifically to detect mutations or changes in a gene's DNA.

 DNA Sequence 

Whether in a piece of DNA, a gene, a chromosome, or the full genome, the relative order of base pairs in the DNA molecule.

Sequencing of DNA

The process of understanding the nucleotide bases' exact order in a DNA molecule. The genetic code is that sequence.

Dominant Characteristic

For a given trait, a characteristic is specified by an allele that is expressed over all other alleles.

Helix with two strands

The DNA structure resembles a twisted ladder.

Nanotechnology in a dry state

The creation of structures in carbon-silicon and other inorganic materials is the focus of this branch of surface science and physical chemistry. Dry techniques, unlike wet technologies, allow the use of metals and semiconductors.

Dysplasia

Tissues or cells that develop or expand abnormally.